India’s first indigenous hydrogen fuel cell passenger vessel begins commercial operations in Varanasi

India on Thursday launched its first fully indigenous hydrogen fuel cell-powered passenger vessel into commercial service, marking a significant step toward decarbonising the country’s inland water transport sector. Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal flagged off the vessel’s maiden commercial run from Namo Ghat in Varanasi.

Developed by Cochin Shipyard Ltd. (CSL) and operated by the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), the vessel is the first in the country to demonstrate hydrogen fuel cell propulsion in a maritime environment. Powered by a Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell system, it emits only water, enabling completely pollution-free operations.

Speaking at the launch, Sonowal said the initiative reflects the Modi government’s push for clean, sustainable and self-reliant mobility technologies. “The introduction of our first indigenous hydrogen fuel cell vessel showcases India’s commitment to green mobility and a cleaner Ganga. It stands as a testament to the Prime Minister’s vision for Make in India and environmentally responsible development,” he said.

The 24-metre air-conditioned catamaran can carry 50 passengers and operate for up to eight hours on a single hydrogen fill. Equipped with a hybrid system that integrates hydrogen fuel cells, batteries and solar power, it cruises at a service speed of around 6.5 knots. The vessel is certified by the Indian Register of Shipping.

A tripartite agreement between IWAI, CSL and Inland and Coastal Shipping Ltd. governs its commercial operation, covering technical support, safety mechanisms, financial terms and periodic inspections during the pilot phase.

Officials said the vessel will significantly improve urban mobility in Varanasi with zero noise, zero smoke and zero emissions. It is also expected to reduce road congestion, enhance tourism and generate employment, positioning the city among the world’s early adopters of hydrogen-powered public transport.

Its inaugural commercial voyage – a five-kilometre stretch from Namo Ghat to Lalita Ghat – was attended by several dignitaries, including Union Ministers, state ministers, MLAs and senior officials from the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways and the Uttar Pradesh government.

The deployment of the hydrogen vessel follows the recent introduction of hybrid electric catamarans under IWAI’s broader strategy to modernise and decarbonise India’s inland waterways in line with Maritime India Vision 2030 and the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047.